Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorescent Probes for CYP450 Sensing and Imaging

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a major drug-metabolizing enzyme system mainly distributed in liver microsomes and involved the metabolism of many endogenous substances (such as fatty acids arachidonic acids), exogenous compounds drugs, toxicants, carcinogens, procarcinogens). Due to similarity structures catalytic functions between CYP450 isoforms, lack effective selective detection tools greatly limits understanding research their respective physiological roles living organisms. Until now, several small-molecular fluorescent probes have been employed for monitoring CYP450s (Cytochrome enzymes) vitro or vivo owing tailored properties, biodegradability, high temporal spatial resolution imaging situ. In this review, we summarize recent advances (including CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 families), discuss focus on identification mechanisms, general probe design strategies, bioimaging applications. We also highlight potential challenges prospects designing new generations studies, which will further enhance diversity, practicality, clinical feasibility into CYP450.